Global Asia Before Modernity
Histories of Human Connectivity
Fall 2020
David Ludden
Professor of History
This course explores the histories of Old World regions all across Afro-Eurasia from ancient to early modern times through studies of spatial mobility and territorial powers that shape cultural environments, material conditions, economic development, and social power relations, from Europe to China, all around the Silk Road and Indian Ocean.
The course therefore explores globalization as a very long-term process of expanding human mobility, communication, connectivity, exchange, and spatial transformation, focusing on a vast, unbounded, ancient, and influential space of globalization spanning regions around the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and Western Pacific, which we can call Afro-Eurasia.
This exploration emerged from efforts to expand Asian Studies beyond constraints imposed by modern empires and nations, which have locked Asia inside bounded regions (North, South, Southeast, East and Central Asia) cut off from Europe, Middle East, Africa, and America, thus permanently fracturing and isolating Asia, to support implicitly an archaic idea that European expansion launched modern global transformations.
We expand the scope of Asian Studies by revealing Asia’s unbounded spatially mobile connectivity, continuous dynamic territorial innovation, and endlessly influential long-distance interactions, travels, migrations, and cultural mingling, which have propelled globalization from ancient times and routinely reshaped societies, cultures, and economies all around Afro-Eurasia.
We begin by concentrating our attention on the role of spatial mobility in the transformation of human environments. Mobility provides force for the spatial transformation of the physical world and also of knowledge production. In the nineteenth century, industrial technology increased the force of spatial mobility along with its scale, speed, and volume, beyond all previous limits, launching the modern age of empires and nations, as well as of pandemics and climate change.
This course concerns the two previous millennia of spatial transformation that produced conditions of possibility for the creation of the modern world. Over the semester, we will see how Asia’s long dynamic history generated energies that propelled and sustained modern globalization by engaging investors in spatial connectivity and territorial power all around Afro-Eurasia.
Policies
Reading
All required reading is online and averages about 100 pages per week.
- Listed page lengths are estimates for Online Research Encyclopedia of Asian History and some other online readings.
- Many online readings require access through NYUHome. Lists of Reference Readings will be expanded online and are designed to enable students to pursue research on each weekly topic.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Students who successfully complete this course will be able to
- describe orally and in writing how mobility has shaped social worlds in Asia;
- effectively use concepts and methodologies for the study of globalization;
- critically interpret maps and other visual representations of historical information;
- think critically about all kinds of boundaries;
- and, above all, understand globalization in Asian perspectives.
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODOLOGIES
This course adopts a seminar format. Each class will begin with a contextualization and summary of the reading – to clarify how each reading due for that meeting fits into the overall design of the course – and will end with a brief indication of how to focus reading of material for the next meeting. Significant class time will be spent in conversation developing a shared understanding of the reading, and in class presentations, based on student response papers.
We spend substantial time interpreting maps and using other visual representations of historical information, including videos. We visit local sites, when appropriate.
Writing assignments enable students to develop their understanding of the reading and class material. Oral presentations enable students to formulate ideas for group discussion and to seek assistance from classmates in resolving challenges they face in their own research and writing.
STUDENT ASSESSMENTS
- Three five-page papers, each 20% of the final grade, for a total of 60%.
- Five one-page response papers, each is worth 5% of the final grade, for a total of 25%
- Class participation is worth 15% of the final grade. Including 5% for class presentations.
ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
- All papers are double spaced, 12-point font, with one inch margins, with student name and assignment number in chronological order, as listed in the syllabus, in the header.
- 3 five-page papers: due at the end of the second class in weeks 6, 10, and 14. Paper topics are indicated on the syllabus. Papers will be judged on all aspects of quality: organized prose in a coherent sequence of paragraphs should focus clearly on the assignment and display a strong understanding of ideas and information from relevant course material.
- Students have the option of submitting a draft of their last 5-page paper for instructor feedback and revision.
- 5 one-page papers: due at the start of the first class in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9, based on weekly readings for class discussion and student presentations. They can be revised and handed in to the instructor, in hard copy, at the end of the second class, for grading. They should present an understanding of the reading. Asking questions and indicating doubts or confusion are appropriate in these response papers: they generate questions for discussion in class.
- Classroom participation. This grade is based on levels of personal participation in the course as a whole. Minimally, students should always show they are paying attention and never get distracted by computers, phones, doodling, daydreams, jinn, or chit chat. They should ask all questions in class, rather than privately. They should engage conversations. They should respond intelligently when the instructor asks, “What do you think about this?” Students will be also lead discussions of course material with short presentations. An evaluation of presentations counts for one-third of participation grade.
Concerns about class participation
- Students who are concerned for any reason about their ability to participate in the classroom discussion should contact the professor as early as possible to work out a solution.
NYU MOSES CENTER FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
New York University is committed to providing equal educational opportunity and participation for students with disabilities. CSD works with NYU students to determine appropriate and reasonable accommodations that support equal access to a world-class education. Confidentiality is of the utmost importance. Disability-related information is never disclosed without student permission. https://www.nyu.edu/students/communities-and-groups/students-with-disabilities.html. Contact: mosescsd@nyu.edu
RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS
Students need to make sure they are familiar with the provisions and obligations of The University Calendar Policy on Religious Holidays, which states, in part: “Students who anticipate being absent because of any religious observance should, whenever possible, notify faculty in advance of such anticipated absence.”
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
NYU Abu Dhabi expects its students to adhere to the highest possible standards of scholarship and academic conduct. Students should be aware that engaging in behaviors that violate the standards of academic integrity will be subject to review and may face the imposition of penalties in accordance with the procedures set out in the NYUAD policy. Here is the link to the NYUAD policy statement.
Course Organization
Course Organization
- Each week consists of two class meetings.
- The first meeting is a lecture on the weekly theme to supplement course reading.
- The second meeting is for Q&A discussion and student presentations based on paper prompts.
- This course is part of a two-part Global Asia sequence. These two courses overlap chronologically, but their content is distinct. Each course can be taken separately.
AN EPIC TALE IN FIVE ACTS:
Act I. circa 300BCE-600CE. Circuits of mobility emerge that would shape everyday life all around the Old World. An Asian Circulatory System begins to emerges in travels by land and sea. Landmarks: Alexandrias, Roman Asia Trade, Periplus, Anuradhapura, White Horse Temple, Champa.
Act II. 600s-900s. Militant empires connect circuits of mobility. Nomad horse warrior steppe migrations dismantle old empires in East, South, and West Asia, and set up new warrior regimes around the Silk Road, stimulating Abbasid-Tang trade expansion across the Indian Ocean. Landmarks: Battle of Talas, Belitung Shipwreck MAP VIDEO, Gok Turks, Tibetan Empire, Baghdad.
Act III. 900s-1200s. “Medieval Warm Period” economic development produces new routes of opportunity connecting the Indian Ocean and Central Asia through India. Trade and imperial power expanded in South India and Southeast Asia, increasing connectivity around the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, East Africa, and Persian Gulf. Landmarks: Cholas, SriVijaya, Qingjing Mosque, Kilwa
Act IV. 1200s-1500s. Mongol conquest and related migratory militarism integrate and expand the Asian Circulatory System, extending around the Black Sea into Russia and Europe, laying mobile militant territorial frames for commercial expansion by land and sea, embracing Europe, stimulating European investments to control Eurasian trade by sea. Landmarks: Plague, Forbidden City, Mansa Musa, Shah Jalal, Malacca Sultanate, Delhi, Venice. Slavery.
Act V. 1500s-1800s. The largest-ever Asian empires generate massive wealth; their coastal regions sustain militant European trade extending around Atlantic and Pacific. A global economy of seaborne networks anchored in port-cities enrich Asian territories and European imperial powers that expands inland from coastal port cities. Landmarks: Taj Mahal, Cowrie Shells, Batavia, Manila Galleons, Textiles, Plassey, Opium.
Syllabus
Individual Fall 2020 syllabus weeks:
Weekly Schedule
Week 1. Sept 7-9
ENVIRONMENTS
MONDAY: LIVE ON ZOOM
1. Introductions, instructor and students.
2. Go over the Syllabus and Website.
3. Plans for Wednesday
4. Thing to do: Getting Ready for Online Course Work.
- Make a Google Doc Folder for all your course work and share it with me. del5@nyu.edu
- Open a GOOGLE EARTH PROJECT account for yourself.
- You can share individual projects via your Google Doc folder.
- HERE IS A LINK to a project that we can do together.
- If you have questions for me to address, please write them into this GoogleDoc, which will be cumulative for the whole semester.
- I can write responses to questions here too. (You will post your own writing in your own Course GoogleDoc folder and share it with me.)
- USE THIS GOOGLEDOC to record links to additional online resources you find useful for this class.
- You will find Zotero useful for organizing bibliography.
- SLIDES shared in the zoom videos are available in this GoogleDrive Folder. Here is the link to the slides for Weeks1-2, Videos 1-5.
- FOR COMPLETE syllabus with additional reading and reference material, click here.
- Just for fun: add illustrative sites and material to the GoogleEarth Project, “Environments in Monsoon Asia.”
WEDNESDAY: Asynchronous Meeting
- BEFORE WATCHING THE ZOOM RECORDINGS
- please READ: David Ludden, Peasant History in South India, Princeton University Press, 1985 (ACLS ebook), Conclusion. pp.200-220. and “Maps in the Mind and the Mobility of Asia,” Journal of Asian Studies, 62, 4, 2003, 1057-78. (online PDF)
- READ: John Brooke and Henry Misa, “Earth, Water, Air, and Fire: Toward an Ecological History of Premodern Inner Eurasia,” (Online Research Encyclopedia of Asian History (hereafter: OREAH). (25pp)
- and STUDY: The Asian Monsoon – The World’s Largest Weather System (GeoDiode, Yutube 16:56).
- Zoom Recordings for Week1.
- FOR ALL ZOOM RECORDINGS: you must be signed into NYU ZOOM in order to view.
- Kevin O’Rourke, History in the Headlines Lecture, 8 Sept 2020. on Globalization
- WEEK1. VIDEO1: “Global Asia and Spatial History.”
- WEEK1. VIDEO2: “Environments: Monsoon Asia.”
- There is no response paper for this week. You can post questions or thoughts in the Q&A GoogleDoc.
Week 2. Sept 14-16
MOBILITY
Themes: Migratory Nomads are the driving force form mobility all across inland Afro-Eurasia. Trade drives travels on monsoon winds around the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. Eastern and Western circuits on land and sea well-established but minimally connected by 600CE.
Reading
Peter Golden, Central Asia in World History. (NYU Proquest Ebook Central. (hereafter: Ebook), pp.1-37.
Michal Biran, “Introduction: Nomadic Culture (pp.1-9), Anatoly M. Khazanov, “The Scythians and their Neighbors,” (pp.32-49), and William Honeychurch, “From Steppe roads to Silk Roads: Inner Asian Nomads and Early Inter-regional Exchange,” (pp.50-88) in Nomads As Agents of Cultural Change: The Mongols and Their Eurasian Predecessors, edited by Reuvan Amitai, Michael Biran, and Anand A. Yang, University of Hawaii Press, 2014)
Nicolai Kradin, “Ancient Nomad Steppe Societies,” (OREAH). (10pp)
Reference: Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia, Silk Road Cities GoogleMap, University of WASHINGTON SILK ROAD SITE, Silk Road Central GoogleEarth Project. D.T.Potts, Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era, Oxford, 2014.
MONDAY
Zoom Discussion. 9AM Abu Dhabi. In my meeting room.
WEDNESDAY
online work for the rest of this week: Study: Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia.
Video3. “Epochs and Forces,” themes, chronology, and trends.
Video4. “Mobility.”
assignment
Writing assignment: 1-PAGE RESPONSE PAPER #1. “WHAT IS THE SILK ROAD?” — SUBMIT PAPER IN YOUR PERSONAL GOOGLEDOC FOLDER, shared with me —
- Cumulative Q&A link
- FYI: Silsila Webinar: Stéphane Pradines – “Swahili Mosques between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean.” Sep 16, 2020 12:30 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada). Register Here.
Week 3. Sept 21-23
EMPIRE
MOBILE TERRITORIALISM: c.300BCE-600CE: Central Asia Connections for Rome, Persia, India, and China.
Theme: Empires form territory along routes anchored in centers inside spaces of mobility that connect ancient empires through the traveling adaptations of imperial steppe nomads.
Required Reading
Armin Selbitschka, “The Early Silk Road(s)” (OREAH).
Richard Davis, Global India circa 100CE, pp. 1-62.
Lorenzo Crescioli,. “The Scythians and the Eastern Limits of the Greek Influence: The Pazyryk Culture and Its Foreign Artistic Influences,” in With Alexander in India and Central Asia: Moving East and Back to West, edited by Claudia Antonetti and Paolo Biagi, Oxbow Books, Philadelphia, 2017, pp. 122–151.
Viewing: Animated Map of Western Imperial Space in West Asia
Reference
Class Lecture
Class Lecture IN THREE VIDEOS: “Imperial Territory to circa 600CE: Steppe Nomad Entanglements for Greece, Rome, Persia, India, and China.”
Video6 (lecture with slides): “The Center of the World.” (Slides only)
Video7 (lecture with slides): “Indo-Persia.” (Slides only)
Video8 (lecture with slides): “Lessons of Mulan.” (Slides only)
Class Project (Optional): Get together to make a GoogleEarth Project showing ancient trade connections.
assignment
Writing assignment: 1-PAGE RESPONSE PAPER #1. “WHAT IS THE SILK ROAD?” — SUBMIT PAPER IN YOUR PERSONAL GOOGLEDOC FOLDER, shared with me —
- Cumulative Q&A link
- FYI: Silsila Webinar: Stéphane Pradines – “Swahili Mosques between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean.” Sep 16, 2020 12:30 PM Eastern Time (US and Canada). Register Here.
Week 4. Sept 28-30
MIGRATION
Migrations Disrupt and Reconfigure Imperial Territory, c.600-900: Huns, Turks, Arabs, Byzantium, and Caliphates, and T’ang China.
Theme: Expanding mobility, nomad empires, and silk road connectivity.
Reading
Peter Golden, Central Asia in World History. (Ebook), pp.37-69
Michael R. Drompp, “The Kök Türk Empires,” OREAH. (10pp.)
Timothy May, “Nomadic Warfare Before Firearms,” OREAH. (10pp)
Michael R. Drompp, “The Uyghur Empire (744-840),” OREAH. (10pp.)
Jane Burbank and Frederick Cooper, Empires in world History: Power and the Politics of Difference, Princeton, 2010, Chapter 3. “After Rome: Empire, Christianity, and Islam, pp. 61-92 (PDF online)
Met Heilbrun Timeline: The Art of the Abbasid Period (750-1258).
Reference
Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia
Etienne de la Vaissiere, Sogdian Traders: A History. Leiden: Brill 2005 (432pp) (PDF online)
G.R.Hawting, The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750, Routledge, New York, 2000. pp.1-46.
John Chaffee, The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750-1400, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2018, pp. 1-50.
Svat Soucek, A History of Inner Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp.51-69.
Denis Sinor, “The establishment and dissolution of Turk empire,” The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Cambridge 1990. pp.285-316. (online PDF)
Jonathan Karam Skaff, Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors : Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Class Lecture
Video9: Lecture and slides: “Militant migrant empires connect circuits of mobility.” Just slides.
Video10: Battle of Talas
MONDAY. Zoom Class Discussion. 9AM Abu Dhabi. In my meeting room.
WEDNESDAY: online asynchronous work for the rest of this week.
assignment
Assignment 4. One-page paper#3. Discuss the spatial dynamics of nomad empires. [FYI: it turns out, to my surprise, this is a useful site for access to good material on the subject.]
Week 5. Oct 5-7
PATRONAGE
Travels of Buddhism: c.500BCE-1500CE.
Theme: Mobility, transmission, and dispersion; territorial domestication, utility, embodiment, and transformation.
Reading
Liu Xin Ru, “Early Buddhism,” (OREAH) (10pp) [here is a youtube lecture on ganasangha territorial formations]
Jason Emmanuel Neelis, Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks : Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia, Brill, 2010. (online PDF), Chapter One (64pp)
Max Deeg, “Chinese Buddhist Travelers” (OREAH) (12pp)
Tansen Sen, “Buddhism and the Maritime Crossings.” (16pp)
John Guy, “Introducing Early Southeast Asia,” pp. 3-13 in Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture in Early Southeast Asia, edited by John Guy.
Study
MetMuseum Heilbrun essay on Buddhist Art . … Faxian travel map.…Buddhism in Korea, at the Met.… Brown Library Tibetan Buddhism Website. Tree and Serpent: Early Buddhist Art in India, 200BCE-400CE …
Reference
Llewelyn Morgan, The Buddhas of Bamiyan. Harvard University Press, 2102.
Tansen Sen, “The spread of Buddhism.” In B. Kedar & M. Wiesner-Hanks (Eds.), The Cambridge World History (The Cambridge World History, pp. 447-480). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (PDF online) — and search “spread of Buddhism” in Cambridge Core. (requires NYU library login)
Susantha Goonatilake, “Anuradhapura Is No ‘Theocracy.’” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, vol. New Series, Vol 55, 2009, pp. 183–91. (PDF online)
David Ludden, “The Decline of Buddhism, Revisited: The Rise of Hindu Territorial Hegemony, circa 950-1250,” (online PDF), in Clio and Her Descendants: Essays for Kesavan Veluthat, edited by Manu V. Devadevan, Delhi: Primus Books, 132-162
Natasha Heller, “Buddhist Religious Practice in Imperial China,” (OREAH) (12pp)
Bagan and the World, Edited by Goh Geok Yian, John Miksic and Michael Aung-Thwin, : ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2017
2500 Years of Buddhism, P.V.Bagat, New Delhi, 1956
The Rubin Museum, “Faith and Empire: Art and Politics in Tibetan Buddhism.”
Class Lecture
assignment
Assignment 5. 1-page paper#4. Write a one page synopsis for your first 5-page paper, due next week. Explain the spatial logic of Buddhist travels and territorial transformations, using specific examples. You can use any sources you clear with instructor in advance but please focus on readings and lecture material in this course. Remember: the travels of Buddhism involve much more than religion.
Week 6. Oct 12-14
PRODUCTIVITY
Connected Empires, 900-1200: Abbasid, Ghaznavid, Rashtrakuta, Chola, Pagan, Srivijaya, Song
Theme: Productive powers connect imperial Persia, India, and China.
Reading
Von Glahn, Richard. The Economic History of China, Chapter 6. pp. 208-255. Song Dynasty Website: “the most advanced society in the world.”
Victor Lieberman, Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland, Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 85-119.
Lynda Shaffer, “Southernization,” Journal of World History, 5, 1, 1994, 1-21. (online PDF)
Burton Stein, “South India: Some General Considerations of the Region and its Early History.” In The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. I, c.1200 – c.1750. Edited by Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib, editors. Cambridge University Press, 1982 pp. 14-42). (online PDF 29pp)
Viola Allegranzi, “The Medieval Urbanism of Ghazni (Afghanistan, 10th-12th Centuries). A Cross-Reading of Textual and Material Evidence,” Afghanistan, 4,1, 2021, 1-18. (PDF online)
Simon Digby, “Economic Conditions before 1200,” in The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. I, c.1200 – c.1750. Edited by Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib, editors. Cambridge University Press, 1982, pp. 43-47). (Online PDF 5pp)
“Chinese Ceramic Production and Trade” (OREAH) and Tamara Bently, “Trade in the East and South China Seas.” (OREAH). (20pp)
Reference
Indian Ocean in World History Website.
Robert Hartwell, “A Revolution in the Chinese Iron and Coal Industries During the Northern Sung, 960-1126 A.D.,” The Journal of Asian Studies, 21, 2, 1962, 153-162. (JSTOR), (PDF file),
Robert Hartwell, “Demographic, Political, and Social Transformation of China,750-1500,” Harvard Journal of Asiaiatic Studies, 42, 2, 1982, 365-442.(PDF file)
John Chaffee, The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750-1400, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2018, pp. 1-75.
Ronald Edwards, “Redefining Industrial Revolution.”, in economicdynamics.org. (48pp.)
James Anderson, “China’s Southwestern Silk Road in World History.”
Philip Curtin, Cross Cultural Trade and World History, Introduction. Kenneth Hall, Early Economic History of Southeast Asia, pp. 196-215.
Encyclopedia of Islam. Brill, Online. Second Edition.
Ranabir Chakravarti, Sindbad and India.
Abbasid western connections. Al-Kindi and Greek philosophy in Arabic falsafa
S. Goiten, Genizah Letters.
Cambridge University Digital Library, Cairo Genizah.
Alpers, E., & Goswami, C. (Eds.), Transregional Trade and Traders: Situating Gujarat in the Indian Ocean from Early Times to 1900. : Oxford University Press. Retrieved 18 Apr. 2020, from.
Class Lecture
Week 6 Video 11. “Mobility and Productivity in the Medieval Warm Period.” Lecture with slides. Slides only (with links embedded).
assignment
Assignment 5: Due this week. 5-page PAPER#1. 5-pages, double spaced, in your GoogleFolder. Explain the spatial logic of Buddhist travels and territorial transformations, using specific examples. You can use any sources you clear with instructor in advance but please focus on readings and lecture material in this course. Remember: the travels of Buddhism involve much more than religion.
Week 7. Oct 19-21
TRADE
Here is a link to Video 12, which is a recap of some spatial logics of the travels of Buddhism, which I want you to explore in your first 5page paper; it also includes some additional citations and information that you might find useful. (Week 7 Video below)
Imperial Expansion and Indian Ocean Worlds: Connected Coasts and Monsoon Tropics
Theme: Monsoons form the time/space of commercial mobility and coastal territory knitted together by imperial trade expansion.
Reading
Angela Schottenhammer, editor. Early Global Interconnectivity Across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I : Commercial Structures and Exchanges. Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 1-53.
Lucy Blue, et al. Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV: Held At the University of Southampton September 2008. Oxford, UK: BAR Publishing, 2009, Ch12. Tim Power, on Commercial Expansion in the Red Sea Region (9pp). (online PDF) Chap 13. Maya Shatzmiller, on Transcontinental Trade and Economic Growth (12pp) (online PDF).
François-Xavier Fauvelle, The Golden Rhinoceros : Histories of the African Middle Ages, Princeton University Press, 2018, Chapter One, “The Tribulations of Two Chinese in East Africa, . (PDF Online) (6 pp)
Eva-Marie Knoll, “The Maldives as an Indian Ocean Crossroads,” (OREAH) (12pp)
Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Translated from the Chinese and Annotated by Friedrich Hirth and W.W. Rockhill. St.Petersburg, 1911. Introduction pp.1-39
Derek Heng “Distributive Networks, Sub-Regional Tastes and Ethnicity: the Trade in Chinese Textiles in Southeast Asia from the Tenth to the Fourteenth centuries CE,” in Textile Trades, Consumer Cultures, and the Material Worlds of the Indian Ocean : An Ocean of Cloth, edited by Pedro Machado, et al., Springer International Publishing AG, 2018, pp.159-179.(online PDF)
Reference
Himanshu Prabha Ray, “Maritime Archaeology of the Indian Ocean” (OREAH) (12pp), and “History of Fishing and Sailing Communities in the Western Indian Ocean.” (OREAH) (12pp)
Jean Deloche, “Roman Trade Routes in South India.” Indian Journal of History of Science, 45,1, 2010, 33-46.
de, la Vaissière, Étienne. Sogdian Traders : A History. Brill, 2005
Philippe Beaujard, “The Birth of the Afro-Eurasian World-System,” in The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History, Cambridge University Press 2019. Pp.273-642.
Textile Trades, Consumer Cultures, and the Material Worlds of the Indian Ocean: An Ocean of Cloth, Edited by Pedro Machado, Sarah Fee, and Gwyn Campbell, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
Atholl Anderson, “The Peopling of Madagascar” (OREAH). (12pp)
Primary Sources
Class Lecture
Video13 with slides (48:29): “Imperial Expansions Connect Silk Roads and Sea Trade.” (Slides only)
assignment
Assignment 5: Five Page Paper #1 Due this week: Explain the spatial logic of Buddhist travels and its territorial transformations, using specific examples. Please focus on using course material, though you can use other sources that you clear in advance with the instructor. Remember: travels of Buddhism are about much more than religion.
EURASIAN INTEGRATION
WEEKS 8-13. In Two Acts. Oct 21-Dec 10
Act 4. Military Commercialism
Week 8. Oct 26-28
MONGOLS
Chinggis Khan’s Family Empire, 1162-1294. (Timeline PDF) (timeline1) (timeline2)
Theme: Transformative Historical Conjuncture. Mongols expand across and beyond old nomad territorial domains using old techniques with innovative efficiency, building on Turkic imperial expansion.
Reading
The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Edited by Timothy May, ABC-CLIO, 2017, Introduction and Chronology, pp.xv-xxvii. (PDF online)
Timothy May, “Nomadic Warfare Before Firearms” (OREAH)
Peter Golden, Central Asia in World History. (Ebook), pp.69-91.
Michal Biran, “The Mongol Transformation: From the Steppe to Eurasian Empire.” (PDF), in Medieval Encounters, 10, 1-3, 2004, pp.339-61
Michal Biran, “The Mongol Empire and inter-civilizational exchange” (PDF), Chapter 20 in The Cambridge World History, pp.534-558 (Cambridge Core Link).
Bettine Birge, Marriage and the Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan: Cases from the Yuan Dianzhang. Harvard university Press, 2017. (Ebook) Chapter One, “Historical Context” (online PDF) 20pp
Viewing
“The Mongol Empire and Kublai Khan,” History Channel, 47:18. The Mongol Invasion of Japan, 1274 and 1281. (online slideshow). Mongol Invasion of Russia
Reference
Jack Fairey and BrianP. Farrell, editors. Empire in Asia: A New Global History: Volume One, From Chinggisid to Qing. Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
Primary Sources
Primary Sources: The Secret History of the Mongols. Juvaini, The History of the World-Conqueror. Rashid al Din, The Successors of Genghis Khan.
Krader, Lawrence. “Principles and Structures in the Organization of the Asiatic Steppe-Pastoralists.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 11, no. 2, 1955, pp. 67–92. (online PDF)
Jos Gommans, “The Warband the Making of Eurasian Empires.” (PDF) Chapter 4 in Prince, Pen, and Sword: Eurasian Perspectives, edited by Maaike van Berkel and Jeroen Duindam, Brill, Leiden, 2018, pp.297-383. (JSTOR Link)
Barry Cunliffe, By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean : The Birth of Eurasia. Oxford University Press, 2017, Chapter 11, pp.415-450.
Mongols in World History (Columbia University Website).
Pederson et al, “Pluvials, Droughts, The Mongol Empire, and Modern Mongolia.” (PDF), PNAS, 2014, 111, 12, 4375-79.
Michael Brose, “Medieval Uyghurs from the 8th to 14th Century,” (OREAH).
Thomas Allsen, “The rise of the Mongolian empire and Mongolian rule in north China,” Cambridge History of China, Edited by H.Franke, and D.C.Twitchett, Cambridge University Press, 1994 (online 2008), pp. 321-413. (online PDF)
Morris Rossabi, Eurasian Influences in Yuan China.
China Under Mongol Rule, edited by John D. Langlois.
Class Lecture
Video14 with slides: “Situating the Mongol Intervention: Space, Time, and Historiography.” Slides only: “Introducing Global Asia, Part Two”
Week 9. Nov 2-4
EURASIA
Spatial Mobility in Chinggisid Turko-Mongol Imperial Territory
Theme: Military mobility promotes commercial expansion and accumulation, and Mongol imperial space long outlives the empire.
A Lecture: Nicola di Cosmo: “Environmental Aspects of the Mongol Conquest”. November 5th, 8AM EST/9PM CST — 5PM in Abu Dhabi. (Here is a link to the recording.) Here are links to his 2016 report on the environmental reasons for Mongol withdrawal from Hungary, its 2017 critique, and his 2014 essay on environmental conditions that sustained Mongol expansion.
A Seminar: “Mobility, Power, and Knowledge in the Mongol Empire,” featuring Ahmed al-Rahim. Associate Professor and Director of Islamic Studies, University of Virginia, November 3, 2020, 4:00-5:30pm in Boston 1AM in AD — Harvard Islamic Studies Program. RSVP for Zoom link. (Will post the recording.)
Reading
David Morgan, “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 19, no. 4, 2009, pp. 427–37. (PDF online)
Pavel Osinsky, “The Rise and Fall of the Nomad-Dominated Empires of Eurasia,” March 2020, Sociological Inquiry (PDF online), (26pp, but especially pp. 11-18)
James A Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press, 2007. (PDF online), pp. 40-78.
Peter Bozian, “The Role of Ortoy Merchants in the Mongolian Court: From the Rise of the Mongol Empire to the Fall of the Yuan Dynasty,” in Emory Endeavors in World History, Volume 6, pp.90-106.
Angela Schottenhammer, editor. Early Global Interconnectivity Across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I : Commercial Structures and Exchanges. Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 53-95.
Barry Cunliffe, By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean : The Birth of Eurasia, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 415-450, “The Steppe Triumphant, 1150-1300.”
The Travels of Ibn Battuta. Berkeley ORIAS (10pp.) Travel MAP
Reference
Angela Schottenhammer, editor. Early Global Interconnectivity Across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I : Commercial Structures and Exchanges. Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 121-224.
J. Eden, Slavery and Empire in Central Asia (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
Scott C. Levi, “Hindus beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade“, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Nov., 2002, Third Series, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Nov., 2002), pp. 277-288.
Tansen Sen, “The Formation of Chinese Maritime Networks to Southern Asia, 1200-1450,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 49, 4, 2006, 421-453.
Tansen Sen, “The Yuan Khanate and India: Cross-Cultural Diplomacy in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries,” Asia Major, 19, 1/2, 2006, 299-326.
William R. Day, An Analysis of Janet L. Abu-Lughod’s Before European Hegemony : The World System A. D. 1250-1350, Macat International Limited, 2017. (82pp)
George Lane, “The Ilkhanate: Mongol Rule in Medieval Western Asia, 1256-1335,” OREAH (33pp)
“From Mongols to Safavids,” Encyclopedia Iranica.
John Masson Smith. “Mongol and Nomadic Taxation.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 30, 1970, pp. 46–85.
Nicola Di Cosmo, Black Sea Emporia, Journal of the Economic and
Social History of the Orient, 53, 2010, 83-108.
The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age. Edited by Nicola Di Cosmo, A. Frank, and P. Golden, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Edited by Timothy May, ABC-CLIO, 2017.
Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire by Paul D. Buell and Francesca Fiaschetti. Rowman & Littlefield, 2018-04-06.
In the Service of the Khans: Elites in Transition in Mongol Eurasia, Edited by Michal Biran, Asiatische Studien, 71, 4, 2017, Editor’s Introduction, pp. 1051-1057 (Each chapter is a case study.)
Hosung Shim, “The Postal Roads of the Great Khans in Central Asia under the Mongol-Yuan Empire,” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, 44, 2014, 405-469 (JSTOR).
Prajakti Kalra, The Silk Road and the Political Economy of the Mongol Empire, (Ebook; University of Toronto Press, 2016).
Suzanne Conklin Akbari and Amilcare Iannucci, Marco Polo and the Encounter of East and West (Ebook University of Toronto Press, 2016).
Michael Hope, “Bukhara under the Mongols,” (OREAH).
The Silk Road and the cities of the Golden Horde, G. A. Fedorov-Davydov and Jeannine Davis-Kimball. Zinat Press, Berkeley 2001.
Enerelt Enkhbold, The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships, Central Asian Survey, 38, 4, 2019, 531-547.
Thomas Conlon, In Little Need of Divine Intervention: Takezaki Suenaga’s Scrolls of the Mongol Invasions of Japan. East Asia Program, Cornell University 2001. (Bobst DS861.C66. 2001)
James Waterson, Defending Heaven: China’s Mongol Wars, 1209-1370. London: Frontline Books, 2013. Bobst DS731.M64.W38.2013
Bettine Birge, Marriage and the Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan: Cases from the Yuan Dianzhang. Harvard university Press, 2017. (Ebook) Chapter One, “Historical Context” (online PDF) 20pp.
David Farquhar,”Structure and Function of the Yuan Imperial Government,” in China Under Mongol Rule, Edited by John. D. Langlois, Princeton, 1981.pp.24-54.
Primary Sources
The Travels of Marco Polo (1907John Masefield Translation on the Internet Archive)
Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354, Fordham University Medieval Sourcebook, and Ibn Battuta “Travels” Translation by Samuel Lee (1829)
Class Lecture
Video15 with slides: “Mongol Territoriality.” (56:30). (Slides only)
Assignment
One-page paper#5: Write a short synopsis of Five-Page Pager#2, DUE NEXT WEEK. Summarize the novelty and traditionalism of the Mongol Empire, using specific examples.
Week 10. Nov 9-11
ISLAM
Territorial transformations and mobile Islamic cultural space
Themes: Islam diversifies as merchants, sufis, texts, and warriors travel, settle, mingle, merge and domesticate all across Asia. Turko-Mongol imperial expansion fosters the mobility and diversification of Arabic and Persian cultures east of Iran and all around the Indian Ocean.
Videos
Video15a: “A little snip on the celebration of election victory by Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.”
Video16 with slides: “Territorial transformations and Islamicate cultural space: Turco-Mongol expansion.” (Slides only for videos 16-18)
Video17 with slides: “Territorial transformations and Islamicate cultural space: Western Regions.” (Slides only for videos 16-18)
Video18 with slides: “”Territorial transformations and Islamicate cultural space: Southern Regions.” (Slides only for videos 16-18)
Mongol Webinar Series: 2. Jonathan Brack: “Religious Tolerance and Interreligious Encounter in the Mongol Empire.” November 12th, 7:00-8:30PM in Shanghai.
Reading
Johan Elverskog, “Buddhist and Muslim Interaction in Asian History,” (OREAH). (10pp)
Finbarr Barry Flood, “Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum,” The Art Bulletin , 84, 4, 2002, 641-659. (PDF online)
On Taṣawwuf in Encyclopedia of Islam. (est.5pp)
“From Mongols to Safavids,” Encyclopedia Iranica.
Randal L. Pouwels, “Ibn Battuta in Africa and Asia,” (OREAH) (12pp.)
Peter Jackson, The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion, Yale University Press, 2017, pp.328-80.
Hyunhee Park, Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds : Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2012, (Ebook), Conclusion, pp. 221-232, and optional 121-221.
Reference
Liu Xin Ru, “A Silk road Legacy: The Spread of Buddhism and Islam,” Journal of World History, 22, 1, 2011, 55-81 (PDF online)
Afghanistan’s Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban, Edited by Nile Green, Berkeley: U Cal Press, 2017, Open Access. JSTOR LINK. Chapters 1-5.
Guy Burak, “The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Post-Mongol Context of the Ottoman Adoption of a School of Law,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 55, 3, 2012, 579-602. (online PDF)
Mounia Chekhab-Abudaya, “Traveling Manuscripts: Understanding Pilgrimage in Central and Eastern Islamic Lands,” in Asia Inside Out III: Itinerant People, Eric Tagliacozzo, Editor, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019, pp.146-178. (Ebook)
James Pickett, “The Darker Side of Mobility: Refugees, Hostages, and Political Prisoners in Persianate Asia,” in Asia Inside Out III: Itinerant People, Eric Tagliacozzo, Editor, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019, pp.201-223. (Ebook)
Andre Wink, Al-Hind, the making of the Indo-Islamic world. Volume 3, Brill, 2003, (Ebook), pp.119-169.
Dionisius A. Agius, Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean, Brill, 2007. (Ebook)
Nile Green, Bombay Islam : The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840–1915, Cambridge University Press, 2011. (Ebook).
Thomas T. Allsen, The Steppe and the Sea: Pearls in the Mongol Empire. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. Bobst NK7680.A45.2019
Jahfar Shareef Pokkanali, “Sailing across Duniyāv: Sufi Ship–Body Symbolism from the Malabar Coast, South India,” South Asian Studies, August, 2018 (online PDF) 15pp.
Assignment
Assignment 7. Five-Page Paper#2 Due this Week. See assignment in Week9
Week 11. Nov 16-18
RENAISSANCE
Eurasian Connectivity: From Crusades to the Renaissance, c.1100-1500.
Theme: Chinggisid and post-Mongol regimes produce more expansive, influential, profitable connections all across Eurasia.
Videos
Video19 with slides (1:02): “Mongol Centuries, Renaissance, and Commercial Capitalism.” (Slides only)
Reading
Thomas Asbridge, Traders and Crusaders, BBC History magazine.
Virgil Ciociltan. The Mongols and the Black Sea Trade in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, Brill, 2012, (Ebook), pp.37-60.
Jerry Brotton, The Renaissance Bazaar: From the Silk Road to Michelangelo, Oxford University Press, 2002, pp.33-60.
Matthew Romaniello, “Transregional Trade in Early Modern Eurasia,” OREAH. (12pp)
Eric Tagliacozzo, “An Urban Ocean: Notes on the Historical Evolution of Coastal Cities in Greater Southeast Asia.” Journal of Urban History, 33, 6, 2007, 911–932. (Online PDF) https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144207304035
Giorgio Riello, Cotton: The Fabric that Made the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2013. (Ebook), p.59-86.
Reference
Columbia University Mongols in World History Website
Social History of the Orient, 53, 2010, 83-108.
“Historical Diffusion of Paper Making,” (online PDF) Chapter 3 in Mobilities of Knowledge, edited by Heike Jöns, et al., Springer, 2017 (ebook link to chapter), pp.51-66.
Tamara Bently, “Trade in the East and South China Seas.“(10pp)
Tansen Sen, “The Impact of Zheng He’s Expeditions on Indian Ocean interactions,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 79, 3, 2016, 609-636. (online PDF)
Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. Yale University Press, 1990.
Rosamund Mack, Bazar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300-1600, Berkeley; UCal Press, 2002.
Roxann Prazniak: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2019. Bobst DS19.p73.2019.
Elizabeth Lambourn, “Towards a connected History of Equine Cultures in South Asia: Bahri (Sea) Horses and ’Horsemania’ in Thirteenth Century South India,” The Medieval Globe, 2, 1, 2016, in pp.57-100 (PDF online)
Week 12. Nov 23-25
MONUMENTS
Monumental Empires, 1300-1800: Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Russia, Ming-Qing.
Theme: Productive power in Great Asian Empires lay foundations for global modernity.
Videos
Video20 with slides. “Monumental Empires and Military Commercialism.” (Slides Only)
Reading
Scott Levi, “Asia and the Gunpowder Empires,” (OREAH)
Beatrice Manz, “Tamerlane and the Timurids” (OREAH). (12pp) Timurid Chronology
Stephen F. Dale, “The Rise of Muslim empires,” Chapter 2, in The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2009, pp.48-76.
Giancarlo Casale, “The Islamic Empires of the Early Modern World,” in The Cambridge World History, Volume VI: The Construction of a Global World, 1400-1800 CE, 323-344. (Online PDF)
Peter Perdue, “The Expansion of the Qing Dynasty and the Zunghar Mongol State,” (OREAH). (12pp)
Victor Lieberman, “The Qing Dynasty and Its Neighbors: Early Modern China in World History,” Social Science History, 32, 3, 2008, 281-304. (PDF online)
Willard Sunderland, Taming the Wild Field : Colonization and Empire on the Russian Steppe, Cornell University Press, 2016 (Ebook), pp.35-54.
Reference
YouTube: Taisu Zhang on the Economics of Confucianism.
16th century Ming Warfare Podcast on Ming-Ottoman military exchange
Reference:
Jack Fairey and BrianP. Farrell, editors. Empire in Asia: A New Global History: Volume One, From Chinggisid to Qing. Bloomsbury Academic, 2018.
Khayyat and Ariel Salzmann,“On the Perils of Thinking Globally while Writing Ottoman History: God’s Shadow and Academia’s Self-Appointed Sultans,” boundary2, Oct 1, 2020.
Robert M. Hartwell, “Demographic, Political, and Social Transformations of China, 750-1550,” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 42, 2, 1982, 365-442. (JSTOR link) (online PDF)
Ravi Arvind Palat, “Imperial Expansion in an Eastern Mirror: State-Making and Territorial Expansion in Asia, 1000-1700.” (PDF online) 36 pp.
Scott Levi, “Asia in the Gunpowder Revolution,” (OREAH).
The Song-Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese History, edited by Paul Jakov Smith and Richard von Glahn, Harvard Asia Center 2003, (Chapters online PDF)
Victor Lieberman, “The Qing Dynasty and Its Neighbors: Early Modern China in World History,” Social Science History, 32, 2, 2008, 281-304.
Peter Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Harvard University Press, 2005. (Ebook).
Tansen Sen, “The impact of the Zheng He Expeditions.” Bulletin of SOAS, 79, 3, 2016, 609-636.
Walter Cohen, “Eurasian Literature,” Chapter 2 in Comparative Early Modernities, 1100-180, Edited by David Port, Palgrave, 2012, pp.47-72 (Online PDF)
John Chaffee, The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China: The History of a Maritime Asian Trade Diaspora, 750-1400, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2018, pp.162-80
Michael Fisher, “The Mughal Empire.” (OREAH). (12pp)
Alfred Rieber, “Russia in Asia” (OREAH) (12pp)
Andre Wink, “Post-Nomadic Empires: From Mongols to Mughals,” in Peter Fibiger Bang and C.A.Bayly, editors, Tributary Empires in Global History, pp.121-31
Johan Elverskog, “The Tumu Incident and Chinggisid Legacy.” The Silk Road, 15, 2016, 142-152
Richard von Glahn, “Myth and Reality of Seventeenth Century Monetary Crisis.” The Journal of Economic History, 56, 2, 1996, pp. 429-454. (JSTOR link).
Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia’s Steppe Frontier : The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500-1800, Indiana University Press, 2002. (Ebook)
Assignment
Define topics of student choice for final 5-page paper in class conversations.
Act 5. Commercial Militarism and Coastal Environments
Week 13. Nov 30-Dec 2
PORTS
Theme: Europeans acquire direct territorial control over mobile Asian assets in port city environments that become dynamic features of Asian territory connecting interior hinterlands with seaborne globalization anchored in port cities around the world.
VIEWING: “Sultanates of the Spice Route“.
Videos
Video21 with slides: “Port City Enclaves, Networks, and Imperial Properties.” (Slides only)
Reading
Arturo Giraldez, The Age of Trade : The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015 (Ebook) pp.9-12, 142-59.
“Columbus and the Islamic World,” Derek Davison, Foreign Exchanges.
Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, “Empires in their Global Context, c.1500-c.1800,” Chapter 6 (19pp) in The Atlantic in Global History, 1500-2000, edited by Jorge Canizares-Esguerra, Erik R Seeman.
A.C.S. Peacock, “The Ottoman Empire and the Indian Ocean,” (10pp)
Peter Perdue, “The Rise and Fall of the Canton Trade System -1: China in the World (1790s-1860s)” (5pp)
K.Mukund, “Indian Textile Industry in the 17th and 18th Century.” Economic and Political Weekly, 27, 38, 1992, 2057-65.
David Ludden, “Patterns of Mobility around the Bay of Bengal,” Draft of forthcoming chapter in in the Cambridge History of Global Migration (12pp)
Reference
Flynn, Dennis O., and Arturo Giraldez. “Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 38, 4, 1995, 429–448. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3632434.
Richard Von Glahn, “Comment on ‘Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 39, 3, 1996, 365–367. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3632650. Accessed 1 Apr. 2020.
Dennis O. Flynn and Arturo Giraldez, Dennis O.Flynn and Arturo Giráldez, “Born with a ‘Silver Spoon’: The Origin of World Trade in 1571,” Journal of World History, 6, 2, 1995, 201-221.
Michael Charney, “Warfare in Pre-Modern Southeast Asia.” (OREAH).
Rudranghsu Mukherjee, “What Made The East India Company so Successful?” The India Forum, (3pp)
AMERASIA: An inquiry into early-modern imaginative geography
English East India Company Digital Archive
Assignment
Final paper drafts (optional).
Week 14. Dec 7-9
CAPITALISM
Seaborne Globalization: 1500-1850
Theme: Mobility at sea connecting imperial territories along coasts around the world creates global space for the development of capitalist modernity based on the use of commercial wealth to finance military power to generate commercial for inland imperial expansion.
Videos
Video22 with slides: “1500-1750, from Vasco da Gama to Robert Clive.”
Video23 with slides: “1750-1850, from Seven Years War to Opium Wars.”
Reading
Kenneth Pomeranz and Steven Topik, The World That Trade Created : Society, Culture, and the World Economy, 1400 to the Present, Routledge, 2017, (Ebook) Introduction, pp.1-6, and Chapter 5 “The Economics of Violence” pp.162-202, (online PDFs: Intro, Ch5)
Tirthankar Roy, “Origins of British India.” (OREAH). (10pp)
Kris Manjapra, Chapter 4,“Port.” In Colonialism in Global Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, pp. 100-124. (online PDF). ,
Parthasarathi, Prasannan. Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850, Cambridge University Press, 2011. Ebook, pp.1-50.
M. van Rossum, “The Dutch East India Company and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago Worlds, 1602-1795” (OREAH). (12pp)
David L. Howell,”Proto-Industrial Origins of Japanese Capitalism,” Journal of Asian Studies, 51, 2, 1992, 269-86. (online PDF)
“Aspects of Warfare in Premodern Southeast Asia.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 46, 2, 2003, edited by Barbara Watson Andaya (Introduction 4pp)
Barbara Watson Andaya, “Women and Economic Change: The Pepper Trade in Pre-Modern Southeast Asia,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 38. 2. 1995, 165-90.
Reference
Johan Mathew, “Trafficking Labor,” Chapter Two in Margins of the Market: Trafficking and Capitalism across the Arabian Sea, University of California Press, Oakland, California, 2016, pp. 52–81. (onine PDF)
Farhad Bishara, A Sea of Debt: Law and Economic Life in the Western Indian Ocean, 1780–1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2017.
Ravi Palat, The Making of an Indian Ocean World-Economy, 1250–1650: Princes, Paddy fields, and Bazaars. New York: Palgrave, 2015.
Port cities and intruders: the Swahili Coast, India, and Portugal in the early modern era, Edited by M. N. Pearson, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Kenneth Hall, “European Southeast Asian Encounters with Islamic Expansionism, circa 1500-1700: Comparative Case Studies of Banten, Ayutthaya, and Banjarmasin in the Wider Indian Ocean Context,” Journal of World History, 25, 23-, 2014, 229-262.
Giorgio Riello, Cotton: The Fabric that Made the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2013. (Ebook), Part Two pp.87-186.
Gagan Sood, India and the Islamic Heartlands: An Eighteenth-Century World of Circulation and Exchange, Cambridge University Press, 2016. (Ebook).
Piracy and Surreptitious Activities in the Malay Archipelago and Adjacent Seas, 1600-1840, edited by Y. H. Teddy Sim, Springer, 2014 (Ebook).
R.L.Barendse, Arabian Seas, 1700-1763 : The Western Indian Ocean in the Eighteenth Century, Brill, Leiden, 2009. (Ebook)
Thomas Philipp, Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730-1831, Columbia University Press, 2002, (Ebook)
Peter Gran, Islamic roots of capitalism : Egypt, 1760-1840, Syracuse University Press 1998. Bobst DT97 .G7 1998
Cross Currents and Community Networks: The History of the Indian Ocean World, edited by Himanshu Prabha Ray and Edward Alpers, Delhi: Oxford university Press, 2007. (online PDF)
Review of Alan Mikhail, God’s Shadow: Sultan Selim, His Ottoman Empire, and the making of the modern world (New York, Norton, 2020),in New York Times. Review by S. Subrahmanyam, C. Fleischer, and C. Kafadar, “How to write fake global history.”
Assignment
Assignment 8. Five-page Paper#3 due in last class.